SOCIOLINGUISTICS ANALYSIS OF TABOO WORDS IN MINAHASA DISTRICT KOMBI

This research aims to: (1) Identifying and classifying types of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. (2) Knowing the function of people using taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. This research uses qualitative research. The subjects in this study were 15 adults aged at least 20-60 years in Kombi District, especially in the villages where the research was conducted, namely in Lalumpe, Ranowangko, Rerer, Makalisung, and Kalawiran villages. And the main instrument in this research is the researcher himself, using the Technique of Observation, Interview, Documentation, and Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using sociolinguistics analysis. Research result: (1) Types of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency have 30 types of taboo words that are still remembered and used by several people in villages in Kombi District. (2) The functions of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency includes an expression of annoyance, as an emotional outlet, and also as an expression of greeting to friends or relatives who are already familiar (for some people).


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a unique country. Why? Not only many people but also most of the people in Indonesia are able to speak in two languages: what are the languages? The first is the mother tongue, second is national language. This happens because Indonesia has many diverse cultural and linguistic variations. (Gerungan, Olii & Andries, 2021: 61). Humans have always lived side by side. They have to interact with each other to fulfill their needs. To achieve this, a tool called language is used. Language is very important in human life. Hertzler, (1965:60) as cited in (Lumedang, Samola & Kumayas, 2020:118) stated that, language is the primary instrument for communication; as such it is always social in its nature.
Language has a function as a tool of communication used by human to express their thoughts, feelings, desires, and action. It constitutes a natural means of communication possessed by every human (Sumarsono, 2007). Due to this important role, researches on language are essential to be done for the sake of establishing and preserving language and culture Kamagi at al, (2018:847), as cited in (Rumengan, Wowor & Kumayas, 2021:55). Based on those statements, it is very clearly to said that language cannot be separated from human. (Tumbal, Liando, & Olii, 2021:314) In language, humans must always pay attention to the situation and conditions in which they are. Errors in the use of language, or perhaps the wrong choice of words, can lead to misunderstandings that often lead to conflicts in society. For this reason, before communicating, he must pay attention to the conditions and norms that apply in a particular society. By paying attention to these norms, it is hoped that he can also pay attention to the choice of words he will use in communicating. This is because certain words that do not violate the norms in one society may lead to misperceptions if used in another society. Words that violate norms or provisions in a particular society are called "taboo words". Taboo words are words that are usually avoided by members of the community, but there are also taboo words that can only be used in certain situations.
Nowadays, the word taboo is often found in everyday conversation, especially in the Minahasa area, there are some people who intentionally or unintentionally use the word taboo either in the school environment, on the streets, in gatherings of people who consume alcohol, even in youth gatherings especially who play online games. Each taboo word has a different meaning and purpose. However, the word taboo in the Minahasa regional language is very rarely known by young children now. Children are easier to know even some of them use taboo words from outside the regional language, one of which is from Java. As a result, the word taboo in the Minahasa regional language has begun to be replaced. That's why, the author wants to do research on "Sociolinguistic Analysis of Taboo Words in Minahasa Regency, Kombi District". Combi District, includes : Kalawiran, Kayu Besi, Kinaleosan, Kolongan, Kolongan 1, Kombi, Lalumpe, Makalisung, Ranowangko 2, Rerer, Rerer 1, Sawangan, Tulap. According to (Harimurti Kridalaksana, 2008) sociolinguistics is a science that studies the characteristics of various language variations, as well as the relationship between scholars and these language variations in a society. (Rosidin, 2010:37) states that taboos are created by each culture and language even though they overlap. There are many taboos that are cross-cultural in nature and there are also taboos that are unique to a particular culture. While taboos are not universal and each language has a number of distinct forms of taboo, there are certain subjects and concepts that are common to all cultures.

RESEARCH METHOD
Basically in a scientific research work there is a method or method that must be used as a research reference, meaning that the method used will help researchers to understand how to do it properly and precisely. According to Bogdan and Biklen, (1992:30), as cited in (Rambi, Kumayas & Olii, 2020:378) qualitative research is a descriptive which the data is collected in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers (Sugiyono, 2015).
Therefore, related to the problems raised in this paper, regarding "Sociolinguistic Analysis of Taboo Words in Minahasa Regency, Kombi District" so in this study the researchers used descriptive qualitative research methods with a sociolinguistic approach as a reference or reference in field research. The Instrument of this research is the writer herself who collected the data (Sudarsono, Samola & Maru, 2018).
The place of research was carried out in Minahasa Regency, Kombi District in Lalumpe, Ranowangko, Rerer, Makalisung, and Kalawiran Villages.
Research subjects are people who can provide information and who know the research problem. Research is something both people, objects, and institutions (organizations) whose nature is being investigated.
Determination of the subject was selected based on the results of the researcher's observations. The subjects in this study were 15 adults aged at least 20-60 years in Kombi District, especially in the villages where the research was conducted, namely in Lalumpe, Ranowangko, Rerer, Makalisung, and Kalawiran villages.
Qualitative research does not recognize a minimum sample size. Generally, qualitative research uses a small sample size. Even in certain cases only 1 informant is used. There are at least two conditions that must be met in determining the number of informants, namely adequacy and suitability (Martha & Kresno, 2016).
The stages of research that used by the author in finding and obtaining data are as follows:

Observation
Observation is the first step someone takes when they want to research a problem. This is done so that research can be directed at the target, so that scientific knowledge can be obtained about humans and their relationships with other people.

Interview
Interview is a question and answer orally between two or more people directly. This interview is intended to obtain information about what you want to research through a conversation. In conducting interviews, the authors deal directly with clients.
In the interview process, things that are not known will usually be revealed so that accurate data can be obtained regarding the cases raised.

Documentation
Document is a data naturalistic and easy to obtain Setiadi (2006) as cited in (Sudarsono, Samola & Maru, 2018:9). Documents are complementary to the use of observation and interview methods in qualitative research.

Questionnaire
The data collection technique used in this research is a questionnaire.
Questionnaires or questionnaires are data collection techniques that are carried out by giving a set of questions or written questions to respondents to answer (Sugiyono, 2012:142).
The respondents in this study were 5 adults aged at least 20-60 years in Kombi District, especially in the village where the study was located, namely in Lalumpe Village, Ranowangko, Rerer 1, Makalisung, and Kalawiran Village.
Sociolinguistic analysis in this study pays attention to the relationship between language and speaking community. Sociolinguistic analysis can be divided into two types, first, correlation method or matching method, namely methods related to externally correlating language objects with non-language elements, and second, operating methods or distribution methods, namely methods related to surgery, processing, or internally tampering with verbal texts. The correlation method is an analytical method that explains the object of study in relation to the context of the situation or socio-cultural context. The operation method or distribution method is an analytical method that describes the substantial elements of the object of study and distributes them with other verbal elements to obtain patterns, rules or rules related to the context of the situation and its socio-cultural context.

FINDINGS
This section explains and describes the taboo words in Kombi Subdistrict that are used which are prohibited from using because they have a bad meaning. In this study the researchers found:

Types of taboo words in Minahasa regency district Kombi.
After conducting observations and research, researchers found 30 taboo words that are still remembered and used by several people in villages in Kombi District.

Types of Taboo Words in Minahasa District
Kombi.

Function of taboo words in conversation in Minahasa regency district Kombi.
Basically the function of the word taboo in any language is the same, namely as an expression of one's irritation or anger towards another person. The following are the functions of taboo words found by researchers.
1) As an expression of annoyance.
2) As an emotional outlet.
3) As an expression of greeting to friends or relatives who are already familiar (for some people).
Everyone has feelings of joy, sadness, or anger. Expressions or expressions used when happy, sad, or angry are spontaneous which can sometimes become excessive. To vent feelings of anger or irritation, it is usually often expressed in an excessive manner until consciously or not using taboo words.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that Kombi District has words, terms, phrases, and expressions that can be categorized as taboo. In this study, it was found that taboo words have several types and can be classified in several groups referring to body parts, body functions, animals, affixes, and psychology. Based on the results and conclusions of the study, the following suggestions can be put forward: For users of taboo words to limit the expression of taboo words by thinking about the consequences. For people who want to visit the Kombi sub-district, be careful in speaking. Do not utter taboo words as discussed in this study in the area.