THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

: In the reviewed studies non-verbal communication used by teachers in teaching English. The purpose of this research is to study the type of Nonverbal communication by English teachers in teaching and to finding out how English teachers use non-verbal communication in teaching class, much further, whether to seek out the strength and weaknesses of the non-verbal communication, and to find out the effective way to use non-verbal communication efficiently and effectively. This research used a Quantitative approach which the effortsis to collect all of the studies that shared the common field of the study. The result of this study showed that the benefits,the advantages, the disadvantages and its effects. Moreover the nonverbal communicationgive some contributions in education which can be applied by teacher today. Recommendation and suggestion are offered in the current study. Hence,non-verbal communication is recommended to be used by teacher in this classroom.


INTRODUCTION
Human being is a social living creature that can't live alone, they need to live side by side and communicate with one another to fulfill their everyday needs.
According to (pilu, hardianto and riyadi 2019)" Communication is the process of exchanging information in the form of messages, symbols, thoughts, signs, and opinions". For this reason, a good skill communication is needed to achieve a good two way communication in order for the recipient can understand the information that been conveyed. There are variety of types of communication, which are verbal communication and nonverbal, but for this journal we are going to be more focus on non-verbal communication. There are couples of research who define what Non-Verbal communication are."Non-Verbal communication is the unspoken dialogue which involves the messages conveyed beyond the words" (Pilu,hardianto and Riyadi 2019);which means that non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages by gesture, body language, posture and tone of voice or facial expressions. In other word, non-verbal communication is about the body language of the speaker, also uses of the voice (Haptics), distance (Proxemics) and physical appearance also take part in it.
Non-verbal communication play important part in communication.According to a research done by (Bambaeeroo Fatemeh, and Shokrpour Nasrin, 2017) "Silent speech is of great importance in human's daily interactions and it influences one's chances of failure or success in personal and professional social encounters". that statement support this research because non-verbal communication is way more subtle and more effective than verbal communication and can convey meaning better than words for example from a simple act of non-verbal communication such nodding or smile in a conversation can conveys an information/ or signal much easier than words. This can be proved by the result from the research done by (AkhtimWahyuni ,2018) states that "there is a significantly higher predominance of 147 smile as a nonverbal behavior to students with severe and profound disabilities, as well as laughter as a defense, behaviour that appears in inappropriate situations of stress or insecurity, as a response to change and changing environment, it is interpreted as an element of immaturity/retardation, tension and conflict". Furthermore, from other research from (Irungu Newton Mwangi et al, 2019) also shown that "when a learner is appreciated through nodding, facial expression, thumb up, it shows approval by the teacher, it will raises the motivation level towards learning to high academic achievement. In can be said that a warm environment and the feeling of acceptance that being shown by the teacher toward her students by using non-verbal communication can make the students to more eager and enjoy the process of learning the subject and by doing so, it will make a greater achievement. The other reason why verbal communication is important according been explained by (Altay Firat Ismail et al, 2018) states that the "use nonverbal communication in the language Teaching environments can be related to culture teaching and involvement in the foreign language teaching process because non-verbal communication comprises some cultural characteristics of the target language community" So by being aware of the appropriate use of non-verbal communication in another language becomes a necessity to develop cultural understanding in the classroom and to have good intercultural communication skills.

RESEARCH METHOD
Systematic review is a research method itself through rigorous examination of relevant studies according to explicit criteria to answer specific questions.This review is guided by different versions of systematic review and the design has been constructed loosely around the method outlined by Petticrew and Roberts(2006).This systematic literature review involves the following steps:

Exclusion criteria
The excluded articles are mainly from less qualified sources, for example, nonanonymous peer review precedes or questionablejournals where the authors need to pay for publishing their work (Renandya, 2014). The information ofthose reports was extracted into a summary table with the following headings: (1) Citation, (2) Contexts,(3) Participants, (4) Research questions, (5) Methods, (6) Findings, and (7) Notes. In the in-depth review,the collected information was synthesized to answer the research questions.

National Contexts of the Reviewed Studies
The following studies have included in the reviewed studies were coming from Indonesia. The first from Palopo, south Sulawesi, and the second from Kenya, the third from Semarang Central Java Indonesia. The fourth from Romania, the fifth from Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The sixth from Turkey the seventh from Chicago USA.
The eight from Iran, the ninth from India, So far, the learning activities who study Effectiveness non-verbal communication in teaching English.

The Participants in the Reviewed Studies
In the reviewed study that been conducted by Pilu,Hardianto,Riyadi(2019) reported that the participants in that study were Two Teachers ask for the sample of the study . In the study of Irungu,Nyagah,Mugambi the participant were Teachers and learner of secondary school. And then,in Tabacaru  students.The studies (Jumanto,Rizal,Nugroho,2017;Wahyuni,2017;Bunglowala and Bunglowala,2015;Bambaeeroo and Shokrpour, 2017) were conducting a literature studies so there were no participants included.

The Aims of the reviewed studies
In this research we are collected the aims from some studies that been done by other researcher that affirm, support, and discuss about the use of non-verbal

Main Outcomes of the Reviewed Studies
The session will be discussed in the table 1 in the following.

Pilu,Hardianto and
Riyadi ( Another example for the use of this nonverbal communication is for the children with mental retardation that really need help from others in carry out their daily activity because of their slow and inadequate capability in learning things.
Therefore, it is really recommended to have a non-verbal communication skill such as sign language. It can be learn step by step, example from trying to demonstrate a fairy tale story using a hand gestures that can attract the children 156 interest to learn a new thing. This kind of method using a sign language will give an improvement in children interest to lots of literacy, and educate the disabled children in a more comfort way to gain a new knowledge and that method also can be used for other type of literacy like nonfiction books that can help the teacher to train the children critical way to think scientifically. The government also have to contribute by making the law that support and encourage the deaf children to live to their fullest and not be limited by their impairment. Their teacher, and their parents also have to master using sign language as a way to show their concern and care for those children. There are 4 ways to communicate using non-verbal communication with people who have difficulty in speaking or listening and any other cases other than that. First, try to adjust in their field of view by keep observe their gestures to know what they need or want. Second, try to speak in most natural way and calm tone, try to limit use shout or whisper when communicate with them because it can affect and obstruct the lip movement that will make it difficult for them to understand the conversation. The third, when having a conversation with them try to keep make an eye contact, because it will make them feel comfortable.
The last one, try to use visual gestures and cues, that will include certain physical movement, that thing will help to make an effective communication and make the two way of conversation run smoothly because it can make it the verbal communication being clear than using the verbal communication only.
The use of non-verbal communication by doing the direct demonstration and practice will improve the learning process because it will help the student to understand the subject more clearer rather just writing on the board and ask the student to read and memorize it. Because of that, the teacher have to give some more attention about this matter for the improvement of students' achievement.
There is some of the recommendation for teacher, so here is the following matters: First, the teacher have to make and maintain a friendly atmosphere in the classroom by keeping he/her happy facial expression while teaching in class so the process of 157 teaching and learning can run more effectively. When the teacher come to the classroom with a flat expression will cause the student to think that the teacher maybe unhappy or get angry and by doing so, the student will get more tense in the classroom and it will disturb their concentration. The second the teacher have to keep an eye contact with the students, because that kind non-verbal communication will indirectly plays a role in building the personal relationship between the teacher and students, because eye can tell more thing than the word can describe, through eye someone can feel that they are being listened, being cared and that will make more trust to develop between the teacher and the students. The third is the way the teacher look at the student. The teacher have to have a warm sight not the glare sight to all the student.
Students do not like the glare sight from the teacher because the teachers underestimate but the teacher cannot look only at certain students and they will be prejudiced. Beside the benefit that can be get from using non-verbal communication there is also weaknesses in using non-verbal communication.For instances, first, the wrong movementand error body movements can cause a misunderstanding in communication, and it will leadto the inhibition of communication. Second the obscurity of the given movement.In this case the error in the given movement can be one of the causes of misunderstanding in communication, such as unclear body movement will cause misinterpretation for the other party as a process of interpersonal communication.Therefore, as much as possible, the teacher have to provide clear movements so the communication will not cause misunderstanding.
Third, the use of non-verbal communication is still consider uncommon especially for the sign language.Not everyone can understand the non-verbal communication because of the lack of the development of mass media in Indonesia to promote the sign language.If the new terms of movements not commonly done, its can cause errors in communication .communication is the first to be done or lived it will certainly make one party difficult to understand what was ordered.in carry out the 158 learning in class, theteacher should use facial expressions namely, first,the students want a teacher use a smiley facial expression when entering class.Second, students want teachers use a smiley facial expression when teaching, including when the teacher expressing disapproval, responding to mistakes made by students or responding late students entering to the classroom. Thirdly, without a smile are not preferred by students because it can mean the teacher not happy teaching, there is a problem or angry.

CONCLUSION
Finally, based on the findings it is suggested that teachers should be equipped knowledge of non-verbal communication appropriately in order to convey the material or communicating with learners or co-worker, since, it is vital matter in social interaction. It is recommended that to put smiley faces, friendly tone while interacting along with welcoming body language to create a friendly atmosphere in the classroom or wherever it will be. Much further, these findings of the study could be useful for all the elements in the society to get exposed to the knowledge of non-verbal communication.